Note: Example SWMM 5 Model for Activated Sludge
Here is one example of how to model an activated sludge tank. The image is Wikipedia (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Activated_sludge) and is the watermark background in the SWMM 5 GUI. There is 100 lps inflow, 20 percent recycle and 10 percent sludge drawoff. You can adjust the amount of recycle and sludge altering the pump type 2 flows or if you want to increase the inflows – add more flow in the RawWater inflow node.
Subject: Three Flow Divider Link Example in SWMM 5
You can have more than 2 downstream OUTLET Type links in the SWMM 5 dynamic wave solution. Each link, Under5, Over5 and ReturnFlow is an OUTLET Link with a rating curve depth/flow table. Depending on the depth in the storage node DIVIDER, the flow is computed from the table for links Under5, Over5 and ReturnFlow.
Subject: Output Statstics Manager to find negative flows in InfoSWMM
Output Statstics Manager to find negative flows with these parameters:
1. Pipe Features
2. Use a Domain with your force mains
3. Select Flow
4. Event Dependent
5. Total – NOT Mean or Peak to find the negative and positive flows
6. Large NEGATIVE Flow Threshold
7. Large NEGATIVE Volume Threshold
8. Zero for Interevent Time to pick up all values
9. You will get a table that shows you the minimun flows, and a histogram of the flows
Note: Flow Dividers in SWMM 5 Dynamic Routing
You can have flow dividers in SWMM 5 dynamic routing by using Storage Nodes for the dividers, OUTLET links for the downstream links and minimizing downstream HGL effects. The needed components are:
1. A Storage Node for the divider node as a OUTLET Link does not have a Surface Area,
2. Two or More OUTLET Links as the downstream diversion and cutoff links,
3. Two or More Rating Curves to divide the flow up based on either depth or head,
4. Pumps, Outfalls or Steep Sloped Links Downstream of the diversion and cutoff links to minimize downstream HGL effects
Note: The Keep and Dampen options and their effect on the four main terms of the St Venant equation.
The four terms are are used in the new flow for a time step of Qnew:
Qnew = (Qold – dq2 + dq3 + dq4) / ( 1 + dq1)
when the force main or gravity main is full dq3 and dq4 are zero and Qnew = (Qold – dq2) / ( 1 + dq1)
The dq4 term in dynamic.c uses the area upstream (a1) and area downstream (a2), the midpoint velocity, the sigma factor (a function of the link Froude number), the link length and the time step or
dq4 = Time Step * Velocity * Velocity * (a2 – a1) / Link Length * Sigma
where Sigma is a function of the Froude Number and the Keep, Dampen and Ignore Inertial Term Options. Keep sets Sigma to 1 always and Dampen set Sigma based on the Froude number, Ignore sets Sigma to 0 all of the time during the simulation
the dq3 term in dynamic.c uses the current midpoint area (a function of the midpoint depth), the sigma factor and the midpoint velocity.
dq3 = 2 * Velocity * ( Amid(current iteration) – Amid (last time step) * Sigma
dq1 = Time Step * RoughFactor / Rwtd^1.333 * |Velocity|
The weighted area (Awtd) is used in the dq2 term of the St. Venant equation:
dq2 = Time Step * Awtd * (Head Downstream – Head Upstream) / Link Length or
dq2 = Time Step * Awtd * (Head Downstream – Head Upstream) / Link Length
Normally, dq1 (Friction Loss / Maroon in the Graph) balances dq2 (Water Surface Slope Term or Green in the Graph) but often for links with a large difference between upstream and downstream depths dq4 (Red in the Graph) can have a significant value. If dq4 or dq3 are important then the depth of water to increases to pass the same flow using the Keep option over the Ignore. If you have a link with a Froude number near or over 1.0 (Supercritical) then using Keep or Dampen for the Options may result in depth differences. The effect of Keep is to increase the “loss” terms in the St Venant Equation. The effect of Dampen and Ignore is to decrease the sum of the “loss” terms in the St. Venant Solution and lower the simulated depth.
Rooftop gardens could solve Singapore’s flooding problem
By Tyler Falk | January 18, 2012, 9:09 AM PST
From SmartPlanet
In the last two years, rapid urbanization and changing weather patterns have lead to major flash floods in Singapore.
“[It] can be safely presumed that the weather patterns in Singapore have changed,” said Singapore’s Minister for the Environment and Water Resources last year after a flash flood where in one day Singapore received 77 percent of the amount of rainfall that usually falls in June. “It is very likely that our drainage systems will have to be redesigned to cope with such intense flashes.”
Singapore convened a panel to come up with the best options for dealing with flash floods and stormwater runoff. Their suggestion? Not an overhaul of the drainage system, but rooftop gardens.
Big infrastructure projects are costly and take time to replace. And while the upgrading the drainage system is likely necessary, the panel suggests a quick fix to Singapore: require rooftop gardens on all new and retrofitted buildings. Rooftop gardens don’t just add beauty to the city, they can also play a big role in mitigating floods by reducing and slowing stormwater runoff and filtering pollutants.
But it’s not just rooftop gardens, Singapore’s Today reports:
These measures are to be complemented with diversion canals, storage tanks along “pathways” of drains, drain capacity improvements, and finally, flood barriers, raised platform levels – some of which is already being done, but “could be carried further”, noted Prof Balmforth.
The panel also suggested storage tanks, rain gardens, and porous pavement.
Photo: HenryLeongHimWoh
/Flickr
Urbanisation has led to increase in storm water run-off: Expert panel [Today]
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Innovyze Surge Line Brings Surge Events to Life With Cutting-Edge Pipe Profile Animations High Quality Animation Gives Engineers Inside View of Model Activities for the First Time |
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Broomfield, Colorado USA, January 17, 2011 — Innovyze, a leading global innovator of business analytics software and technologies for wet infrastructure, today announced the worldwide release of the SurgeAnimatemodule for its industry-leading surge product line. The breakthrough pipe profile animation module brings a new level of visualization and interpretation power to transient analysis, helping engineers quickly gain a thorough understanding of the complex phenomena occurring within their distribution systems. Available for InfoSurge and InfoWorks TS, the module is ideal for assessing the strength and effectiveness of water supply and distribution systems under a wide range of hydraulic transient conditions, from routine operation to emergency states. It has unprecedented power to help users confidently determine the best combination of surge protection devices to minimize the impact of objectionable pressure transients. The enhanced product suite reflects Innovyze’s vanguard position in the water industry and its continuing commitment to delivering pioneering technology for improving the safety and reliability of the world’s water supply. “This key new modeling functionality makes it easy to get a handle on how transient waves propagate over time in distribution systems, allowing water utilities worldwide to better see how transient events are mitigated by surge protection devices,” noted Christopher W. Baxter, Ph.D., President of HYDRANNT Consulting Inc., in Port Coquitlam, BC, Canada. “Innovyze continues to raise the standard in the industry.” Anticipating and controlling transient response is critical to ensuring the protection, integrity, and effective/efficient operation of water distribution systems. Transient responses can introduce pressures of sufficient magnitude (upsurge) to burst pipes and damage equipment. The resulting repercussions can range from extended service outages to loss of property and life. Transient responses can also produce sub-atmospheric pressures (downsurge) that can force contaminated groundwater into the distribution system at a leaky joint, crack or break, leading to grave health consequences when carried out downstream in the pipe system. Sustained sub-atmospheric pressures may also lead to cavitation and water column separation, resulting in severe “water hammer” effects as the vapor cavity collapses. The Innovyze transient flow simulation technology suite addresses every facet of pressure surge analysis and its role in utility infrastructure management and protection, delivering the highest rate of return in the industry. It provides the engineer-friendly simulation framework water utilities need to identify characteristics that can make their water supply and distribution systems more susceptible to transient pressure events. Users can quickly and efficiently assess the effects of power outages, pump shutdowns and startups, valve closures, rapid demand and pump speed changes, as well as the efficacy of any combination of surge protection devices. The product suite also accurately simulates cavitation and water column separation and evaluates their intensity. Its blazing simulation speed, unrivalled in the industry, makes transient analysis an easier and more enjoyable task. The new SurgeAnimate module enables users to create live animations of pipe profiles simply by specifying the first and last nodes; the rest is done automatically. Tank and reservoir levels, pump speeds, water flow or velocity rates are all animated. Many surge devices (such as air valves and bladder tanks) are also animated in detail. Animation speed can be set and stopped or restarted interactively at any simulation time period, allowing the user to thoroughly view and analyze the model’s transient activities (including cavitation pressure). Animations can be saved as AVI files. Armed with these mission-critical network modeling capabilities, water utilities can more accurately assess their susceptibility to low or negative pressures caused by transient surges, identify vulnerable areas and risks, evaluate and design sound control and mitigation measures, and determine improved operational plans and security upgrades. “The ability to confidently assess distribution system vulnerability to pressure transients is becoming more critical every day,” said Innovyze President and Chief Operating Officer Paul F. Boulos, Ph.D., BCEEM, Hon.D.WRE, F. ASCE. “Our new SurgeAnimate module makes models come alive, allowing users to go inside the pipes and network elements for the first time. This unprecedented ability to see and experience model transient activities in real time is critical to designing reliable, enduring systems and protecting public health.” |
Subject: Surcharged Node and the Link Connection in SWMM 5
A surcharged node in SWMM 5 uses this point iteration equation (Figure 1):
dY/dt = dQ / The sum of the Connecting Link values of dQ/dH
where Y is the depth in the node, dt is the time step, H is the head across the link (downstream – upstream), dQ is the net inflow into the node and dQ/dH is the derivative with respect to H of the link St Venant equation. If you are trying to calibrate the surcharged node depth, the main calibration variables are the time step and the link roughness:
1. Mannings’s N
2. Hazen-Williams or
3. Darcy-Weisbach
The link roughness is part of the term dq1 in the St Venant solution and the other loss terms are included in the term dq5. You can adjust the roughness of the surcharged link to affect the node surcharge depth.
Figure 1. The Node Surcharge Equation is a function of the net inflow and the sum of the term dQ/dH in all connecting links. Generally, as you increase the roughness the value of dQ/dH increases and the denominator of the term dY/dt = dQ/dQdH increases.
Figure 2. The value of dQ/dH in a link as the roughness of the link increases.
Mariel Emrich in Talking Science:
Mosquitoes are as adept at flying in rainstorms as under clear skies. But how is that possible? Wouldn’t rain crush a mosquito to the ground since mosquitoes weigh 50 times less than raindrops?
David Hu, an assistant professor of mechanical engineering and biology at the Georgia Institute of Technology, and his graduate research assistantAndrew Dickerson have found that while mosquitoes do get hit by raindrops, they don’t get crushed by them.
Hu discussed their research in a talk at November’s APS Division of Fluid Dynamics Meetingthat was entitled “How Mosquitoes Fly in the Rain”.
The researchers measured the impact forces of raindrops on both regular mosquitoes and custom-built mosquito mimics. The mimics were made from small Styrofoam spheres of mosquito-like size and mass. They used high-speed video to capture images of the mosquitoes getting hit with raindrops.
Since the bugs fly so slowly (a maximum of 1 meter per second) compared to the drops (which fall between 5 to 9 meters per second), the mosquitoes cannot react quickly enough for avoidance, and most likely cannot sense the imminent collision.
More here.
Posted by Abbas Raza at 03:42 PM | Permalink
Subject: How to Make Icons and Expand the Toolbars in InfoSWMM and InfoSewer
You can customize the toolbars in InfoSWMM and InfoSewer by clicking on Customize and performing 4 steps:
Step 1. Click on Customize
Step 2. Move the tool from the Command list to the toolbar.
Step 3. Change the Button Image for the Default Style.
Step 4. The Toolbar now has a new Icon for the InfoSWMM command.
Step 1. Click on Customize
Step 2. Move the tool from the Command list to the toolbar.
Step 3. Change the Button Image for the Default Style.
Step 4. The Toolbar now has a new Icon for the InfoSWMM command.
Subject: How do I correct a fatal error resulting in automatic shutdown in ArcMap?
If you cannot open ArcMap, InfoSewer or InfoSWMM at all and get a fatal Esri error the problem may be the file normal.mxt
“If the startup file in ArcGIS Desktop or component applications (e.g., ArcMap, ArcGlobe, ArcScene) is corrupt, a fatal error can occur. Renaming or deleting the existing startup file will often resolve the error. Once the corrupted startup file is removed, ArcGIS will create a new startup file after the application is launched (http://kb.iu.edu/data/asuv.html).”
To remove the startup file in Windows XP for Arc GIS 10 go to the directory C:\Documents and Settings\Your Name\Application Data\ESRI\Desktop10.0\ArcMap\Templates and delete the file Normal.mxt. You then reopen Arc Map and the normal.mxt file will be recreated and smaller. You will have to reset the ArcMap toolbars to better control InfoSewer and InfoSWMM.
Subject: SWMM 5 Engine Updates between v13 and v22 by Category
The complete list of engine and GUI changes can be found in this text file on the EPA Site http://www.epa.gov/nrmrl/wswrd/wq/models/swmm/epaswmm5_updates.txt
This note categorizes the engine changes by aggregating dynamic wave solution changes, surface ponding changes, RDII and Hydrology for example. The number preceding each change is the change number per engine update – the version of the engine update is shown at the end of each change paragraph. The Categories are General Changes, Dynamic Wave Changes, RDII Changes, Infiltration and Surface Runoff Changes, Climate Data Changes, Rainfall Changes, LID Changes and Water Quality Changes.
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Call for Papers Announced for 2012 Asia Pacific Water and Sewer Systems Modeling Conference Major Industry Event to Unite Global Modeling Experts August 21-22, 2012, at Gold Coast, Australia |
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| Broomfield, Colorado USA, January 10, 2012 — Innovyze, a leading global innovator of wet infrastructure modeling and simulation software and technologies, today announced the opening of registration and a call for papers for the fifth annual Asia Pacific Water and Sewer Systems Modeling Conference. The event, widely considered to be the most comprehensive and significant wet infrastructure modeling, design and management technology conference of its kind, will be held from August 21-22, 2012, at the Holiday Inn, Surfers Paradise on Australia’s Gold Coast.
This once-a-year learning opportunity is sponsored by major water utilities and associations in the region. It will feature keynote presentations from leaders in hydraulic and water quality modeling throughout Asia, Europe, North America, Australia and New Zealand. The conference also incorporates an annual gathering of Innovyze software users and their managers who want to sharpen their skills, expand their knowledge, and share best practices with their peers. The ultimate goals are to design, operate and manage better systems; protect the environment; and safeguard public health. The forum will allow water, wastewater and stormwater professionals to explore new ways of using engineering GIS technology, advanced network modeling and simulation, and asset management applications. Participants will learn how they can leverage these tools to do their jobs better, easier, faster and more efficiently; maximize their return on software investments; and make their organizations more globally competitive. They will also earn valuable Chartered Professionals Continued Professional Development (CPD) hours. “Potable water and sanitary sewer systems are essential for a healthy and vibrant community,” notes Paul Banfield, Business Development Manager for Innovyze and chairman of the conference organizing committee. “Proper management of water and wastewater assets plays a critical role in the provision of these vital services. This leading wet infrastructure focused conference is both fun and educational. I am confident that attendees will come away better positioned to provide their communities with reliable and cost-effective safe drinking water and sanitary sewer systems.” To supplement the keynote presenters and speakers already confirmed, the organizing committee is seeking relevant and unique presentations. Key topics include:
The agenda will also feature hands-on software demonstrations, discussions of business implementation and management issues, industry solutions presentations, key technology updates, and social and networking events. Keynote speaker Paul F. Boulos, Ph.D., BCEEM, Hon.D.WRE, F.ASCE, President and Chief Operating Officer of Innovyze, will address the conference on the latest technologies in water, stormwater, and wastewater network modeling, capital planning and asset management. “This exceptionally fun and educational event is always guaranteed to energize and inspire,” said Boulos. “It provides a wonderful forum for sharing best practices and exploring the state of the art in water/wastewater infrastructure engineering, design and management solutions designed to help solve everyday challenges and problems. Attendees can carry this valuable knowledge back to their organizations, opening new avenues for increasing productivity and performance, enhancing project quality, maximizing return on their software investments, gaining a competitive edge on the future, advancing their careers, and improving the quality of life in their communities. They’ll leave restored, energized, and better prepared to accomplish great things. They’ll also play a significant a role in the future of Innovyze and our products, inspiring us and pushing us to build great products, a great company, and a great community.” Abstract Submission |
Subject: How to Divide the Inflow at a Node in InfoSWMM
In SWMM 5 only the Kinematic Wave solution allows a flow divider at a node to divide the Inflow to node to two downstream links, but you can use the Inflow/Outflow Outlet type in InfoSWMM to divide the inflow based on a Inflow/Outflow Diversion Table (Figure 1). For example, in InfoSWMM it is possible to have two downstream links from a Node that are Outlet types Inflow/Outflow so that the low flow goes down one link and the high flow goes down the other link (Figure 2 and Figure 3). The low flow and the high flow link use different diversion tables in which the tables are constructed so that the flow is positive in one link and zero in the other to a dividing flow value and then zero and positive for the same two links after the dividing flow value ( 5 cfs in the example).
Figure 1. Types of OUTLETS in InfoSWMM and SWMM 5
Figure 2. Example low flow and high flow Outlet Links to divide the total inflow at the upstream node at 5 cfs.
Figure 3. The flow is divided into the low and high flow links at the dividing flow of 5 cfs.
CDM and Wilbur Smith Associates Proudly Serving Clients
as CDM Smith
New brand reflects emergence of a full service global leader
January 01, 2012
CAMBRIDGE, Massachusetts—What began in February 2011 with joining of two industry forces has culminated in a fully integrated provider of comprehensive water, environment, transportation, energy and facilities services united under the new brand CDM Smith.
According to Chief Executive Officer Richard D. Fox, “CDM Smith brings together CDM and Wilbur Smith Associates, two firms of rich heritage and world-wide reputation. With 123 years of combined cross-discipline expertise, our people bring a wealth of knowledge, experience and dedication to every client relationship and each project. While our name is different and our portfolio of services has expanded, we remain committed to doing what is right for our clients, our communities, each other and the future.”
Proving to be better together, CDM Smith represents almost 6000 employees excelling in 100 technical specialties, partnering with clients to solve challenges in 28 countries around the world.
CDM Smith provides lasting and integrated solutions in water, environment, transportation, energy and facilities to public and private clients worldwide. As a full-service consulting, engineering, construction, and operations firm, we deliver exceptional client service, quality results and enduring value across the entire project life cycle.
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Innovyze Launches 2012 Technical Webinar Series Registration Open for Ten-Session Series Led by Innovyze Engineers, Launching February 7, 2012 |
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| Broomfield, Colorado USA, January 3, 2011 — Innovyze, a leading global innovator of business analytics software and technologies for wet infrastructure, today announced the dates for its 2012 Technical Webinar series. The ten-session event begins February 7, 2012, and continues through June 2012. Each session is open to utilities and their consultants. Admission is free, but pre-registration is required.
To register, visit http://www.innovyze.com/education/webinars. “Our customers are continuously looking for cost-effective ways to grow their knowledge bases and learn about emerging technologies,” said Paul F. Boulos, Ph.D., BCEEM, Hon.D.WRE, F.ASCE, President and COO of Innovyze. “Each of these important webinars will be led by a technical engineering expert. The sessions will cover a wide range of key wet infrastructure topics, from capital planning and carbon footprint analysis to flood modeling, advanced water quality and real time modeling, and advanced business analytics applications. We anticipate these unique offerings to draw record attendance.” Webinar Schedule Risk-based Prioritization of Sewer Rehabilitation with CapPlan Sewer Real Time Water Distribution Forecasting and Response with IWLive Modeling the Integrated Collection System from Rivers to Pipes with InfoWorks ICM Using Hydraulic Models for Energy Management and Carbon Footprint Reduction Advanced Business Analytics for Sewer Systems Inside ArcGIS, Featuring InfoMaster Modeling Two-Dimensional Overland Flow with InfoSWMM 2D Risk-based Prioritization of Water Main Replacement featuring CapPlan Water Modeling and Eliminating Transients in Water Distribution Systems with InfoSurge Designing and Implementing a Unidirectional Flushing Program in Record time with InfoWater UDF Monitoring a Distribution System for Contamination Events |
Subject: Drawing features to show multiple attributes in InfoSWMM
Your network data usually has a number of different attributes that describe the features it represents (Figure 3). While you’ll commonly use one of the attributes to symbolize the
data—for example, showing one quantity in the InfoSWMM Map Display —you may sometimes want to use more than one. One way to show multiple attributes in InfoSWMM is to copy layers and then use the Layer Properties to color, map or otherwise display the multivariable data (Figure 1). For example, Figure 2 shows the important Subcatchment parameters of Slope, Imperviousness and Width as graduated colors, dots and a pie shape, respectively.
Figure 1. Use the Symbology Tab to select the attribute you want to show and the way to show the attribute.
Figure 2. The Subcatchment slope is shown in graduated colors, the percent impervious in scattered dots a a measels map and the Subcatchment Width is shown in a pie graph with the size of the pie a function of the total width.
Figure 3. Physical Data Estimated from a DEM using the Subcatchment Manager in InfoSWMM.
Subject: Create Watershed Data Using InfoSWMM Subcatchment Manager
The Subcatchment Manager of InfoSWMM will help calculate most of the physical parameters associated with a Watershed or Subcatchment in SWMM 5 from a Digital Elevation Data (Step 1). The Subcatchments slope is estimated from a slope raster (Step 2) and the Slope Calculator (Step 4). The created watershed area are calculated using the command Update DB from Map (Step 6) along with the Subcatchment Width (Step 3) and the Impervious Area (Step 5). The physical parameters estimated from the DEM are shown in Figure 1.
Figure 1. Physical Data Estimated from a DEM using the Subcatchment Manager in InfoSWMM.
Step 1. Use the command Create Flow Stream to create a Flow Stream for the DTM or DEM that can be used later.
Step 2. Create a Slope Raster from the DEM for later usage in the Slope Calculator.
Step 3. Calculate the Width of the Subcatchment using one of five methods.
Step 4. Calculate the Slope in percent from the Slope Raster created in Step 2.
Step 5. Populate the Impervious area percentage using a Parcel shape file and the Created Subcatchments.
Step 6. Use Arc Map to calculate the area of the Subcatchments using the command Update DB from Map and the following Operation Flags.
Subject: Create Watersheds Using InfoSWMM Subcatchment Manager
The Subcatchment Manager of InfoSWMM will help calculate most of the physical parameters associated with a Watershed or Subcatchment in SWMM 5 from a Digital Elevation Data (Step 1). The Subcatchments area created from a Flow Direction Raster (Step 2) and a Flow Accumulation Raster (Step 4) after filling in any Sinks in the DEM (Step 3). The created watersheds (Step 5). The physical parameters estimated from the DEM are shown in Figure 1.
Figure 1. Physical Data Estimated from a DEM using the Subcatchment Manager in InfoSWMM.
Step 1. Find, Create or Otherwise Locate a TIN, DEM or DTM for the project area with elevation data that you can use with the InfoSWMM Subcatchment Manager.
Step 2. Create a Flow Direction Raster using the Watershed Command.
Step 3. Check to see if there are Sinks in the Elevation Data that have to be filled using the Filled Sink Command.
Step 4. Create a Flow Accumulation Raster
Step 5. Create the Watersheds from the Flow Direction and Flow Accumulation Rasters.
Subject: Continuous Simulation Aids for InfoSWMM
If you have a large network and especially if you are doing continuous simulation then you want to have many tools for helping you understand the network and the simulation results.
v In InfoSWMM and H2OMAP SWMM you can have a Base Network with many differenct Child Scenaio generations. A Child can be either based on the Base Scenario of a different generation Child Scenario.
v Facility Manager allows you to make inactive and active sets areas of your network, which makes simulating larger and smaller models a snap to do in InfoSWMM. Run Manager lets you control which areas of the model network gets save to the binary graphics file (Figure 1).
v The Process Control in Run Manager (similar to the process control in SWMM 5) allows the modeler to control which processes are simulation to help in her model calibration.
Figure 1. Scenarios, Facility Manager and Run Manger Options.
Figure 2. Run Manager Process Controls.
Subject: How to use SWMM 5 DOS to make an Output Table in the RPT file
You can make tables of the node, link and Subcatchment output data in SWMM 5 if you use the DOS SWMM 5 program but not the Windows DLL. Step 1 is to create the DOS batch file, Step 2 is to select the nodes, links and subcatchments, Step 3 is to run the batch file and Step 4 is to view the RPT tables or extract the data to Excel. You can do this directly in the InfoSWMM and H2OMAP SWMM graphical user interfaces by using Run Manager, Step 5 to select the nodes, links and subcatchments and Step 6 to view the tables in the browser.
Step 1. Make a Batch File to call the DOS SWMM 5
swmm5.exe Example1.inp D:\swmm5.0.022\bob.rpt
pause
Step 2. Add the nodes, links and subcatchments tables you want to generate in the RPT file
[REPORT]
CONTROLS NO
LINKS ALL
NODES ALL
SUBCATCHMENTS ALL
Step 3. Run the Batch file
Step 4. Extract the Tables from the RPT File of SWMM 5
<<< Node 17 >>>
———————————————————————————
Inflow Flooding Depth Head TSS Lead
Date Time CFS CFS feet feet MG/L UG/L
———————————————————————————
JAN-01-1998 01:00:00 0.000 0.000 0.000 980.000 0.000 0.000
JAN-01-1998 02:00:00 5.910 0.000 0.608 980.608 26.065 5.213
JAN-01-1998 03:00:00 11.935 0.000 0.887 980.887 22.826 4.565
JAN-01-1998 04:00:00 18.291 0.000 1.143 981.143 21.176 4.235
JAN-01-1998 05:00:00 12.640 0.000 0.916 980.916 22.426 4.485
JAN-01-1998 06:00:00 3.925 0.000 0.493 980.493 27.578 5.516
JAN-01-1998 07:00:00 0.388 0.000 0.161 980.161 38.134 7.627
JAN-01-1998 08:00:00 0.067 0.000 0.071 980.071 26.937 5.387
JAN-01-1998 09:00:00 0.029 0.000 0.048 980.048 1.878 0.376
Step 5. InfoSWMM and H2OMAP SWMM dialog for selecting nodes, links and subcatchments for generating a detailed RPT file table.
Step 6. Sample InfoSWMM and H2OMAP SWMM RPT Tables if Report Options is used.
InfoSWMM and H2OMAP SWMM are different graphical user interfaces with similar tools to the current version of SWMM 5. They both use a C++ engine built around the C code engine of SWMM 5. Most of these blogs apply to SWMM 5, InfoSWMM and H2OMAP SWMM.
Subject: RDII or Tri Triangular Unit Hydrograph in InfoSewer
The RDII method in InfoSewer is similar to the RDII or RTK method in InfoSWMM with some differences. The RTK data for triangles 1, 2 and 3 are defined in the Unit Hydrograph but instead of individual R values, the overall R is set and the Percent R1, R2 and R3 are defined based on the total R. R3 is calculated internally as 100 – R1 – R2. Each loading manhole with RDII flow has a total area, a hyetograph and a Unit Hydrograph. The hyetograph has to be set at multiples of the unit hydrograph, so you can define the time or X columns with integers and then use the Block Edit command to change X to minutes by multiplying by the Unit Hydrograph time (Figure 1). You can use only one component if you set R1 or R2 to 100 percent or R3 to 100 percent by setting R1 and R2 to 0 percent (Figure 2). The overall area of the Unit Hydrograph is divided amongst the loading manhole using the Subbasin Area (Figure 3). The storm flows generated can be viewed using a Group Graph (Figure 4).
Figure 1. Hyetograph Curve for the RDII Unit Hydrograph
Figure 2. The Unit Hydrograph is defined for various values of R, R1, R2, T1, T2, T3, K1, K2 and K3.
Figure 3. The Unit Hydrograph and Hyetograph are tied to a particular loading manhole using a Subbasin Area.
Figure 4. The Unit Hydrographs that are generated can be viewed using a Group loading Manhole Graph. The R1, R2 and R3 have only one triangle.
Subject: How is the Maximum Link Flow Applied in SWMM 5?
The maximum flow limit for a link applies to the kinematic wave and the dynamic wave solution. The inflow to the link in the kinematic wave solution is limited (Figure 1) but the calculated link flow is limited in the dynamic wave solution after the link flow (Figure 2):
1. Is checked using the Culvert Inlet Equations (optional)
2. The normal flow equation is checked (internally optional depending on the Normal flow options) and
3. The Picard iteration solution under relaxation parameter (always 0.5) is applied (Figure 3).
Figure 1. Kinematic Wave Solution Limits the Inflow to the Link Maximum limit.
Figure 2. Dynamic Wave Solution link flow limit.
Figure 3. The Link flow in the dynamic wave solution has three checks at each iteration in a time step.
Subject: Adverse Slope Convention in SWMM 5
If the slope of a link is negative and the solution is dynamic wave then the following data will be switched in link.c in SWMM 5. All upstream data for the link is switched to the downstream end of the link and vice versa. The means that if the flow is from the original upstream node to the downstream node the flow will be negative in the output of SWMM 5.
Negative flow in SWMM 5 means:
1. The link has an adverse or negative slope,
2. The link has reverse flow if the link slope is positive.
Note: How to make a shape file from a Output Relate in InfoSWMM:
Step 1. Make an Output Relate for the Conduit Summary Table using the Operation Tab in Attribute Browser.
Step 2: Using the GIS Gateway you can save q/Q and d/D to a shape file that can then be added to the Arc GIS Table of Contents
Step 3. You now have a Shape File for the value of q/Q or Flow over Full Flow. You can also use the Symbology Tab in Data Properties to color and/or make bar charts and bubble charts from the summary q/Q and d/D values during the simulation for each link.
The InfoSWMM Facility Manager offers the knowledgeable engineer complete control what elements are simulated in her or his model. You can make active or inactivate elements based the type of Network Element, A Network Path, A Mouse Drawn Map Selection, The Domain, A selection set, a DB Query, a Query Set and a Special Query. You can make the simulated network smaller or larger depending on your simulation or calibration requirements. For example, you can have a whole basin network but model only a branch or a subset of the network if you are using the Calibrator or Designer Addons.
Subject: How to Find the Proportional loading to a link or manhole in InfoSewer
You can use the Upstream Trace tool in InfoSewer to find the upstream nodes and links from any link in InfoSewer. Once you have the upstream traced network then add the traced upstream nodes and links to the domain. Once you have the domain then these steps will allow you to calculate the proportion of flows from each upstream node and map the proportion using Map Display.
Step 1. Use the Tool Trace Upstream Network to find and make a Domain out of the Traced upstream Network
Step 2. The Traced Upstream Network
Step 3. Use the created domain in Output Report Tabular Reports
Step 4. Copy the ID and Total Flow from the Loading Manhole Report
Step 5. Use the Domain in the DB Table Manhole Infomation
Step 6. Create a new information field called Proportion for example
Step 7. Map the new data field proportion using Map Display
Step 8. Now you have a Map Display of the Proportional loading to a link or manhole in InfoSewer
Step 9. 40 percent of the flow comes from one node an the other 60 percent comes from the other node to the link with a d/D over 0.5.
| Engine Error Number | Description |
| ERROR 101: | memory allocation error. |
| ERROR 103: | cannot solve KW equations for Link |
| ERROR 105: | cannot open ODE solver. |
| ERROR 107: | cannot compute a valid time step. |
| ERROR 108: | ambiguous outlet ID name for Subcatchment |
| ERROR 109: | invalid parameter values for Aquifer |
| ERROR 110: | ground elevation is below water table for Subcatchment |
| ERROR 111: | invalid length for Conduit |
| ERROR 112: | elevation drop exceeds length for Conduit |
| ERROR 113: | invalid roughness for Conduit |
| ERROR 114: | invalid number of barrels for Conduit |
| ERROR 115: | adverse slope for Conduit |
| ERROR 117: | no cross section defined for Link |
| ERROR 119: | invalid cross section for Link |
| ERROR 121: | missing or invalid pump curve assigned to Pump |
| ERROR 131: | the following links form cyclic loops in the drainage system: |
| ERROR 133: | Node %s has more than one outlet link. |
| ERROR 134: | Node %s has illegal DUMMY link connections. |
| ERROR 135: | Divider %s does not have two outlet links. |
| ERROR 136: | Divider %s has invalid diversion link. |
| ERROR 137: | Weir Divider %s has invalid parameters. |
| ERROR 138: | Node %s has initial depth greater than maximum depth. |
| ERROR 139: | Regulator %s is the outlet of a non-storage node. |
| ERROR 141: | Outfall %s has more than 1 inlet link or an outlet link. |
| ERROR 143: | Regulator %s has invalid cross-section shape. |
| ERROR 145: | Drainage system has no acceptable outlet nodes. |
| ERROR 151: | a Unit Hydrograph in set %s has invalid time base. |
| ERROR 153: | a Unit Hydrograph in set %s has invalid response ratios. |
| ERROR 155: | invalid sewer area for RDII at node |
| ERROR 156: | inconsistent data file name for Rain Gage |
| ERROR 157: | inconsistent rainfall format for Rain Gage |
| ERROR 158: | time series for Rain Gage %s is also used by another object. |
| ERROR 159: | recording interval greater than time series interval for Rain Gage |
| ERROR 161: | cyclic dependency in treatment functions at node |
| ERROR 171: | Curve %s has invalid or out of sequence data. |
| ERROR 173: | Time Series %s has its data out of sequence. |
| ERROR 181: | invalid Snow Melt Climatology parameters. |
| ERROR 182: | invalid parameters for Snow Pack |
| ERROR 183: | no type specified for LID |
| ERROR 184: | missing layer for LID |
| ERROR 185: | invalid parameter value for LID |
| ERROR 186: | invalid parameter value for LID placed in Subcatchment |
| ERROR 187: | LID area exceeds total area for Subcatchment |
| ERROR 188: | LID capture area exceeds total impervious area for Subcatchment |
| ERROR 191: | simulation start date comes after ending date. |
| ERROR 193: | report start date comes after ending date. |
| ERROR 195: | reporting time step or duration is less than routing time step. |
| ERROR 200: | one or more errors in input file. |
| ERROR 201: | too many characters in input line |
| ERROR 203: | too few items |
| ERROR 205: | invalid keyword %s |
| ERROR 207: | duplicate ID name %s |
| ERROR 209: | undefined object %s |
| ERROR 211: | invalid number %s |
| ERROR 213: | invalid date/time %s |
| ERROR 217: | control rule clause out of sequence |
| ERROR 219: | data provided for unidentified transect |
| ERROR 221: | transect station out of sequence |
| ERROR 223: | Transect %s has too few stations. |
| ERROR 225: | Transect %s has too many stations. |
| ERROR 227: | Transect %s has no Manning’s N. |
| ERROR 229: | Transect %s has invalid overbank locations. |
| ERROR 231: | Transect %s has no depth. |
| ERROR 233: | invalid treatment function expression |
| ERROR 301: | files share same names. |
| ERROR 303: | cannot open input file. |
| ERROR 305: | cannot open report file. |
| ERROR 307: | cannot open binary results file. |
| ERROR 309: | error writing to binary results file. |
| ERROR 311: | error reading from binary results file. |
| ERROR 313: | cannot open scratch rainfall interface file. |
| ERROR 315: | cannot open rainfall interface file |
| ERROR 317: | cannot open rainfall data file |
| ERROR 318: | date out of sequence in rainfall data file |
| ERROR 319: | invalid format for rainfall interface file. |
| ERROR 321: | no data in rainfall interface file for gage |
| ERROR 323: | cannot open runoff interface file |
| ERROR 325: | incompatible data found in runoff interface file. |
| ERROR 327: | attempting to read beyond end of runoff interface file. |
| ERROR 329: | error in reading from runoff interface file. |
| ERROR 330: | hotstart interface files have same names. |
| ERROR 331: | cannot open hotstart interface file |
| ERROR 333: | incompatible data found in hotstart interface file. |
| ERROR 335: | error in reading from hotstart interface file. |
| ERROR 336: | no climate file specified for evaporation and/or wind speed. |
| ERROR 337: | cannot open climate file |
| ERROR 338: | error in reading from climate file |
| ERROR 339: | attempt to read beyond end of climate file |
| ERROR 341: | cannot open scratch RDII interface file. |
| ERROR 343: | cannot open RDII interface file |
| ERROR 345: | invalid format for RDII interface file. |
| ERROR 351: | cannot open routing interface file |
| ERROR 353: | invalid format for routing interface file |
| ERROR 355: | mis-matched names in routing interface file |
| ERROR 357: | inflows and outflows interface files have same name. |
| ERROR 361: | could not open external file used for Time Series |
| ERROR 363: | invalid data in external file used for Time Series |
| ERROR 401: | general system error. |
| ERROR 402: | cannot open new project while current project still open. |
| ERROR 403: | project not open or last run not ended. |
| ERROR 405: | amount of output produced will exceed maximum file size;either reduce Ending Date or increase Reporting Time Step. |
Note: How to Use Bing Maps in InfoSWMM as a Basemap
A great feature of Arc GIS 10 is the ability to use background maps from Bing for your model. A few steps are necessary to set up the coordinates, import the basemap, clip the basemap and set the new extents:
Step 1. Set the Current Coordinate System for the intended network.
Step 2. Add the Aerial Basemap from Bing Maps.
Step 3. The Base Map has to be clipped and zoomed.
Step 4. Zoom to your network and clip the rest of the Map out of the Maximum Extents.
Step 5. Set the Maximum Extents of your Network using the Data Frame Tab in Data Frame Properties.
Step 6. You can also set the background color for the area outside of the clipped Base Map if you so desire using the Frame Tab.
Step 7. You now can add nodes and links and view the locale using Google Street View or other using the Tools Prefences.
Connecting Infrastructure To The Internet from the Dish
Engineers can now link a building’s rainwater catchment system to weather predictions from the Internet. Alerted city services can then empty water storage basins so that stormwater doesn’t flood our sewers:
It may sound like a trivial problem, but the EPA estimates that the U.S. has $13 billion invested in wastewater infrastructure alone. More importantly, the majority of America’s largest cities–more than 700 in all–dump millions of gallons of raw sewage into our waterways every time it rains, because their sewer and stormwater systems were designed a century ago. …
Giving building planners the assurance that they’ll always have access to a free water supply means they can actually use it. And putting these on enough buildings could go a long way to solving the problem of combined sewer and stormwater systems being overwhelmed when it rains.
(Photo: Residents try to unblock a sewage grate to free floodwater on Coney Island after Hurricane Irene hit New York, August 28, 2011. By Emmanuel Dunand/AFP/Getty Images)
http://andrewsullivan.thedailybeast.com/2011/12/connecting-infrastructure-to-the-internet.html
Subject: Sensitivity Analysis in InfoSWMM and H2OMAP SWMM
It is easy to perform sensitivity analysis in InfoSWMM and H2oMAP SWMM using the Scenario Manager, Dataset manager, Block Edit in the Database Editor, Batch Simulation and the Report Manager. For example, we will do a sensitivity analysis for the Subcatchment Width (one the physical parameters in the Subcatchment analysis of SWMM 5 – see Figure 1). The width is normally the area divided by the overland path length but there are many common means of calculating the width.
Figure 1. Physical Data used in the Calculation of Surface Runoff using the Non Linear Reservoir Routing method in SWMM 5.
Figure 2. The base scenario for our sensitivity analysis.
There are seven main steps in the sensitivity analysis of the width:
Step 1. Use the Scenario Explorer to make Child Scenarios from the Base Scenario. For ease of understanding we will name each of the Child Scenario’s the percent change in the width parameter. Thus, W-50, will be the Base Width Plus 50 percent.
Step 2. Use the Dataset Manager to create different Subcatchment Sets that will be used for each of the Scenario’s. Again for ease of understanding we will use the name S_W+50 etc for the Sets to match the change in the Width Parameter.
Step 3. Use the Scenario Manger to choose the right Subcatchment Set for Each Scenario.
Step 4. Use the Database Editor to Edit and modify the Width of Each Subcatchment Set.
Step 5. Use the Block Edit tool to multiply the Base Width Value by the needed value, 1.25, 1.50, 0.75, 0.50
Step 6. Use the Batch Simulation Command to run all of the Scenario’s.
Step 7. Use Report Manager and the tool Compare Graphs to graph the results of Each Scenario together.
Step 8. In Report Manager you can produce a table that shows the runoff for each of the different scenarios.
Note: The Colorado Urban Hydrograph Procedure (CHUP) 2010 version generates a SWMM 5 Inflows Files containing a time series of flow inflows for 1 to many nodes (Figure 4 and Figure 5). The created Inflows file (Figure 2) can be imported into InfoSWMM and H2MAP SWMM without any alteration by using the Files command in Run Manager (Figure 1) and graphed using the Output Manager of InfoSWMM and H2OMAP SWMM (Figure 3).
Figure 1. Location of Files Command in Run Manager
The inflows will be read from the Inflows file, which has this format:
Figure 2. Header format of the CUHP Exported Hydrograph File
InfoSWMM and H2oMAP SWMM will match the Node Names in the Inflows file to the network node names and import and interpolate the inflows based on the Inflows time step and your hydraulic time step to generate Lateral Inflow Hydrographs
Figure 3. InfoSWMM and H2OMAP SWMM Lateral Inflow Hydrographs
Figure 4. CHUP Inflows File Descrpiption in the CUHP manual.
Figure 5. Cover of CUHP 2005 User Manual from 2010
Subject: How to Make Contours in InfoSWMM and H2oMAP SWMM
It is easy to make contours out of node input data or node output data in InfoSWMM and H2oMAP SWMM using the Contour Tool in the Contour Tab of the Attribute Browser. You can control the resolution and the type of smoothing for the created contour (Figure 1). If you have InfoSWMM Suite you can use the Contour to DEM command in the Subcatchment Manager to convert the created Contour to an Elevation or DEM file (Figure 2 and Figure 3). The Layer properties for the created elevation can be altered in Arc GIS to make a better visual depiction of the elevation (Figure 4).
Figure 1. Contour Tool in the Contour Tab of the Attribute Browser.
Figure 2. Contour to DEM command in the InfoSWMM Subcatchment Manager will convert the created Contour to an Elevation or DEM file.
Figure 3. Convert the Value Field and NOT the level Field of the contour.
Figure 4. The Arc GIS Layer properties can be used to alter the default color ramp and the number of classes used in the color ramp.
Mind The Crap From the Dish
Sally Aldee fell in the Thames and gashed her leg, a prospect that horrified every medical professional she met. She subsequently traced the river’s pollution from Victorian times to today:
The river – which by the way was both the source of the city’s drinking water and the repository for all its poop – became choleric and pestilent. In the summer of 1858, the fumes became so bad they got a name. The “Great Stink” forced members of Parliament to write the legislation that gave the all-clear to Joseph Bazalgette, London’s chief engineer of public works, to build the two massive interceptor sewers that catch London’s sewage and run-off before they’re belched into the Thames. To this day, these brick and mortar Victorian artifacts comprise the backbone of London’s sewer system. …
http://andrewsullivan.thedailybeast.com/2011/12/mind-the-crap.html
Subject: Storage Volume vs Depth Equation in SWMM 5
A storage node in SWMM 5 can have either a functional form or a tabular depth/area table. The area functional form of a storage node is:
Area = A * Depth^B + C and the Volume has the form in node.c of the SWMM 5 of
Volume = A/(B+1)*Depth^(1+B) + C*Depth
For example if C is 25 square meters, A is 20 and the exponent B is 0.5 we get the following values for area and volume and you can also plot a Scatter Plot of Volume vs Depth in SWMM 5 (Figure 1).
|
Depth |
Area |
Volume |
|
Meters |
M^2 |
M^3 |
|
0 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
|
1 |
45.00 |
38.33 |
|
2 |
78.28 |
87.71 |
|
3 |
109.64 |
144.28 |
|
4 |
140.00 |
206.67 |
|
5 |
169.72 |
274.07 |
|
6 |
198.99 |
345.96 |
|
7 |
227.92 |
421.94 |
|
8 |
256.57 |
501.70 |
|
9 |
285.00 |
585.00 |
|
10 |
313.25 |
671.64 |
|
11 |
341.33 |
761.44 |
|
12 |
369.28 |
854.26 |
Table 1. Area and Volume for a Storage Node in SWMM 5.
Figure 1. You can use a Scatter Graph in SWMM 5 to show the relationship between Volume and Depth.
Subject: Lambda Calculus in the SWMM 5 Dynamic Wave Solution
SWMM 5 uses the method of Successive under-relaxation to solve the Node Continuity Equation and the Link Momentum/Continuity Equation for a time step. The dynamic wave solution in dynwave.c will use up to 8 iterations to reach convergence before moving onto the next time step. The differences between the link flows and node depths are typically small (in a non pumping system) and normally converge within a few iterations unless you are using too large a time step. The number of iterations is a minimum of two with the 1st iteration NOT using the under-relaxation parameter omega. The solution method can be term successive approximation, fixed iteration or Picard Iteration, fixed-point combinatory, iterated function and Lambda Calculus. In computer science, iterated functions occur as a special case of recursive functions, which in turn anchor the study of such broad topics as lambda calculus, or narrower ones, such as the denotational semantics of computer programs (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iterated_function).
In the SWMM 5 application of this various named iteration process there are three main concepts for starting, iterating and stopping the iteration process during one time step:
· The 1st guess of the new node depth or link flow is the current link flow (Figure 3) and the new estimated node depths and link flows are used at each iteration to estimate the new time step depth or flow. For example, in the node depth (H) equation dH/dt = dQ/A the value of dQ or the change in flow and the value of A or Area is updated at each iteration based on the last iteration’s value of all node depths and link flows.
· A bound or a bracket on each node depth or link flow iteration value is used by averaging the last iteration value with the new iteration value. This places a boundary on how fast a node depth or link flow can change per iteration – it is always ½ of the change during the iteration (Figure 1).
· The Stopping Tolerance (Figure 2) determines how many iterations it takes to reach convergence and move out of the iteration process for this time step to the next time step.
Figure 1. Under relaxation with an omega value of ½ is done on iterations 2 through a possible 8 in SWMM 5. This is not done for iteration 1.
Figure 2. if the change in the Node Depth is less than the stopping tolerance in SWMM 5 the node is considered converged. The stopping tolerance has a default value of 0.005 feet in SWMM 5.0.022.
Figure 3. The differences between the link flows and node depths are typically small (in a non pumping system) and normally converge within a few iterations unless you are using too large a time step. The number of iterations is a minimum of two with the 1st iteration NOT using the under-relaxation parameter omega.
Subject: InfoSWMM Selection Set and Domain Manager
You can use the Domain to easily make selection sets using these two steps. You make a Domain which is the areas of the network you are interested in at the current time and then save your Domain of Interest in a Selection Set.
Step 1: Go to Domain Manager and use Map Selection, Query or the Network to make a domain
Step 2. Go to Selection Sets in the Operation Tab of the Attribute Browser and make a New Set and load the domain into your set.
Subject:InfoSWMM and H2OMAP SWMM Import and Export of HEC-RAS Geometry Data
InfoSWMM v11 and H2OMAP SWMM v10 have new import and export features for HEC-RAS interaction. The echange commands are in the exchange menu (Table 1) and you can import HEC-RAS geometry files (Figure 1), edit imported Transect Data (Figure 2 and 3) and export the data back to a HEC-RAS geometry file (Figure 4 and 5 and Table 2).
| Exchange | Import Manager |
| Exchange | Export Manager |
| Exchange | ODBC Exchange |
| Exchange | Import Generate File |
| Exchange | Import… |
| Exchange | (Conveyance Nodes) |
| Exchange | Conveyance (Links) |
| Exchange | (Disable Auto-Length Calculation) |
| Exchange | Export… |
| Exchange | Export Generate File |
| Exchange | (Conveyance Nodes) |
| Exchange | Conveyance (Links) |
| Exchange | (Disable Auto-Length Calculation) |
| Exchange | Convert Polyline |
| Exchange | Import EPA SWMM 5 |
| Exchange | Export EPA SWMM 5 |
| Exchange | Import HEC-RAS Data |
| Exchange | Export HEC-RAS Data |
| Exchange | Export Hotstart File |
| Exchange | Append Nodes |
| Exchange | GIS Gateway |
Table 1. Exchange commands in InfoSWMM and/or H2OMAP SWMM
Figure 1. Import HEC-RAS command imports Geometry Files which will have the extension go1, go2 etc.
Figure 2. The imported Transects can be viewed and edited in the Operations Tab of the InfoSWMM Browser.
Figure 3. The imported Transects can be used as a SWMM 5 Irregular Channel Transect.
Figure 4. Export HEC-RAS command exports a geometry file containing the active Transects in InfoSWMM.
Figure 5. Export HEC-RAS allows you to choose a directory and a name for the exported geometry file.
GEOM Title= MWHS-SWMM Export to HEC-RAS
River Reach= CHO
Type RM Length L Ch R = 1 ,5.065 ,471.716902,515.260000,471.716902
BEGIN DESCRIPTION:
River Mile 5.065
END DESCRIPTION:
#Sta/Elev= 68
0 214.4 11 213.9 39 212.3 41 211.8 141 209.6
174 208.0 275 205.1 293 203.9 297 201.6 299 201.3
307 199.9 313 200.8 316 202.1 329 203.4 329 205.4
366 208.6 413 208.5 417 208.3 429 206.2 434 205.8
441 203.4 447 206.3 449 206.4 488 208.1 502 208.1
506 208.1 550 207.0 559 206.1 566 205.9 566 205.9
575 205.8 585 206.7 587 206.6 624 205.9 638 206.0
644 205.9 651 205.8 667 206.8 681 207.3 696 207.7
723 207.8 724 207.8 739 207.5 763 208.1 787 209.1
816 209.3 920 210.0 970 209.8 998 209.8 1055 209.8
1076 209.5 1079 209.6 1097 209.9 1108 210.1 1130 210.4
1225 210.6 1358 211.1 1372 211.1 1419 211.3 1426 210.6
1443 211.4 1472 211.5 1647 211.5 1670 211.5 1745 211.7
1796 212.2 1868 213.4 1888 214.2
#Mann= 3 , 1 , 0
0 0.1 0 275 0.04 0 366 0.08 0
Bank Sta=274.500000,365.500000
Table 2. The exported HEC-RAS Geometry File from InfoSWMM
Subject: H2OMAP Sewer and InfoSewer Water Quality Options
You can model 8 options in H2OMAP Sewer and InfoSewer to simulate various aspects of Water Quality (Figure 1). If you make the base scenario no water quality you can have the same network, same loading but different aspects of water quality in seven child scenario’s (Figure 2). The parameters for each water quality option is shown in the Quality Tab of the Simulation Options Dialog.
Figure 1. Water Quality Simulation Choices in H2OMAP Sewer and InfoSewer.
Figure 2. Water Quality Simulation Choices in the Scenario Explorer of H2OMAP Sewer and InfoSewer
Note: The SWMM 5 1D Components in InfoSWMM 2D
InfoSWMM 2D uses standard SWMM 5 components to connect the 1D Nodes to the 2D Mesh. A bottom outlet orifice at the maximum depth of the node drains to a SWMM 5 Outfall at the fixed elevation equal to the Node Rim Elevation. Flow can go into or out of the Outfall from the 1D element from or to the 2D Mesh. InfoSWMM 2D automatically makes the necessary elements if 2D is used and the new elements are listed in the Hydqua.inp file, which is very similar to the Tab Delimited SWMM 5 Input file.
The HYDQUA.inp is very similar to the Excel Tab formatted file of SWMM 5 with a few additional sections and added features:
1st Difference: The Flood Node Data Section tell the 2D engine which Node has a 1D-2D connection and which 2D mesh element the 1D Node drains to when it is flooded.
[Flood_Node]
10309D 848
80408 131
2nd Difference: Outfall Nodes are created for the 2D Mesh Element connected to the 1D Node, the outfalls are Fixed Outfalls and the fixed head is the Node Rim Elevation of the 1D node listed in the Flooded Node Section
[OUTFALLS]
10208 89.900000 FREE NO
10208A 89.900000 FIXED 94.400000 YES
10208B 89.900000 FREE NO
10208C 89.900000 FREE NO
10208D 89.900000 FREE NO
10208E 89.900000 FREE NO
10309D_OUTFALL 101.600000 FIXED 111.000000 NO
80408_OUTFALL 120.000000 FIXED 133.400000 NO
3rd Difference: Bottom Outlet Orifices are created to connect the 1D node to the 2D Mesh Element Outfall with the Flood Discharge Coefficient entered by the user and a crest height equal to the maximum depth of the node
[ORIFICES]
OR1@82309B-15009B 82309B 15009B BOTTOM 0.000000 0.850000 NO
OR1@82309D-82308D 82309D 82308D SIDE0.000000 0.850000 NO
10309D_ORIFICE 10309D 10309D_OUTFALL BOTTOM 9.400000 0.030000 NO
80408_ORIFICE 80408 80408_OUTFALL BOTTOM 13.400000 0.030000 NO
Subject: Advanced SWMM 5 import into InfoSWMM and H2OMAP SWMM
The current version of InfoSWMM and H2OMAP SWMM not only imports the latest SWMM 5 version but it has built in flexibility that allows the user to import selected data sections, model data sections or auxiliary file information such as calibration data files. This allows you the choice of importing non specific network data that can used in the model of any city, county, shire, town or watershed. For example, you can import only these sections without affecting the geometry of your network:
1. Calibration File Information,
2. RTC Rules
3. Aquifers
4. Snowpacks
5. Buildup for Water Quality,
6. Washoff for Water Quality,
7. Evaporation,
8. Time Series,
9. DWF,
10. Patterns,
11. RDII
12. Loadings,
13. Curves,
14. LID Controls,
15. LID Usage,
16. Pollutants,
17. Land Uses
Possible uses of this feature would be to have a city wide or company wide library of LID controls, RTC Rules or RDII values.
Figure 1. Import Dialog with Import Options
Figure 2. Only names and directories of the Calibration Files was imported
Subject: How to Compare the Output Manager Statistics in H2OMAP SWMM to the SWMM 5 Output Text File
The value of the total inflow in the text output file is the integrated total for the whole simulation including all time steps. This is the total volume that is shown in Map Display for Nodes and Links or in the Summary Tables for Nodes and Links. If you graph the flow or depths in Output Report Manager and use the Field Statistics tool it will only show you the statistics for the SAVED time steps. However, if you multiply the Sum (Total) Value by the saved interval in seconds you will have another estimate of the total node of link statistic. For example, a Sum Total of L/s times seconds yields liters which divided by 1,000 yields ML.
Figure 2. Map Display of the total link volume in the model run comes from the Node Inflow Summary Table in the Text Report File
***********************
Node Inflow Summary
***********************
————————————————————————————-
Maximum Maximum Lateral Total
Lateral Total Time of Max Inflow Inflow
Inflow Inflow Occurrence Volume Volume
Node Type LPS LPS days hr:min 10^6 ltr 10^6 ltr
————————————————————————————-
PN_060 JUNCTION 0.00 2.93 0 07:47 0.000 0.143
Note: Comparison of the H2OMAP SWMM Hazen Williams Force Main Solution to a Steady State HW Solution
In this example, we compare the force main head loss in four links in H20Map SWMM to the head loss in a steady state Hazen Williams solution for the same length pipe, diameter and flow (Figure 1). The H2OMap SWMM model has a large constant dry weather inflow at the wet wells which floods the wet well and causes a constant pump flow to the force main (Figure 2). The HW calculator is located here http://www.engineeringtoolbox.com/william-hazens-equation-d_645.html and a comparison for HW head loss in PSI for 5000 feet long, 3 inch diameter pipes with HW Coefficients of 130, 120, 110 and 100, respectively, is shown in Table 1. The SWMM 5 equation loss (PSI Diff) and the PSI loss from the HW calculator are very close for all four links.
Table 1. Steady State comparison between HW Calculator and H2OMAP SWMM/SWMM 5 Force Main calculations.
|
HW |
SWMM5 |
SWMM5 |
SWMM5 Loss |
Loss |
|
Coefficient |
Psi UP |
PSI Dn |
PSI Diff |
PSI HW Calculator |
|
130 |
84.563 |
44.88 |
39.683 |
39.82 |
|
120 |
88.772 |
43.765 |
45.007 |
45.16 |
|
110 |
91.798 |
41.426 |
50.372 |
50.54 |
|
100 |
95.354 |
38.727 |
56.627 |
56.82 |
Figure 1. H2OMAP SWMM Wet Well, Pump, Force Main and Gravity Main Network.
Figure 2. Constant Pump Flows
Note: How to Calculate the Freeboard of a Node in InfoSWMM/H2OMAP SWMM from the Model Results
The freeboard for a node in InfoSWMM/H2OMAP SWMM can be calculated with a 5 step process:
1. Copy the Node Rim Elevations from the DB Tables for Junctions to Excel, you need to use the Preference Option Store Absolute Junction Rim to have the absolute elevation and not just the maximum depth of the node.
2. Run the model and then copy the Maximum HGL from the Junction Summary Output Report Manager table to Excel,
3. Calculate the Freeboard in Excel as the Rim Elevation minus the Maximum HGL in Excel, this will be either positive or negative depending on whether you are using the surface ponding option. Positive if there is Freeboard and negative if there is flooding.
4. Create a new column called Freeboard in the Junction Information DB Table and paste the Freeboard from Excel. You will first have to make a new column called Freeboard and specify the type of number.
5. You will now be able to perform Map Displays or Map Queries using the new Freeboard information column.
Note: Node Comparison in InfoSWMM and InfoSewer
1) Is there an option to set the manhole sealing method (i.e. locked
or unlocked) in InfoSWMM? You set the Surcharged depth to a positive value to prevent flooding and keep the pipes under pressure. You will still have flooding once the water surface elevation reaches the maximum depth + surcharge depth. Unlike in InfoSewer the depths are not unlimited.
2) Is defining manhole diameter in InfoSWMM available? You can set the default surface area of a node or make it a storage node.
3) Does InfoSWMM allow me to create parallel pipes with the same
attributes similar to InfoSewer? You can set the number of barrels in the attribute browser of DB Editor in InfoSWMM.
4) Can you please confirm that the only element allowed to leave a
storage unit in InfoSWMM is a pump? No, this is not true. You can have a gravity main, orifice or weir leave a storage pond or lake.
5) Is there a tool to check for pipe diameter discrepancies in
InfoSWMM similar to InfoSewer? Yes, we have a similar Engineering Review and Network Audit Tools
6) For load patterns, I do not see an option between stepwise and
continuous in InfoSWMM, or is there? InfoSWMM really only has stepwise linear DWF pattern though you can have a time series of inflows as well which gives you complete flexibility.
7) Does InfoSWMM offer modeling I&I using pipe length, pipe surface
area etc… like in InfoSewer? You can but there in not an easy translation, You have Rainfall Induced Infiltration at a Node. You can relate this to the pipe length but it is not straightforward.
8) Is steady state simulation and design simulation available in
InfoSWMM similar to InfoSewer? You can do Steady State easily but design uses a Genetic Algorithm technique if you have InfoSWMM Suite.
In each of the blogs search for a term or a set of terms using the search button. For example, here is http://swmm5.blogspot.comwith a search for venant
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Subject: InfoSewer and H2OMAP Sewer New Features in 2011
InfoSewer for Arc GIS 9 and 10 and H2OMAP Sewer had a many engine and GUI enhancements during 2011 to allow the programs to work better for models up to 50,000 elements that simulate water quality and hydrology. The improvements now allow large models to be run with smaller report and simulation time steps and provide a Mass Balance Check at the end of the report file for the user to easily check the model results. The new ForceMain Solution for EPS simulations now allows the simulation of complicated Force Main Loops in the network without the need for making simplifying network connection assumptions. The engine changes make InfoSewer andH2OMAP Sewer more robust for large models and small time steps while providing better solution error checking and routing. The enhanced Output Report Manager shows all of the possible Node and Link Output Variables in Graphs, Tables and Advanced HGL Labeling. The year 2011 was a year in which the internal engine of InfoSewer and H2OMAP Sewer were improved and also a year in which more simulation output information was shown to the user so that they can both understand and explain the modeling results in a more confident fashion.
Figure 1. Three Temporal Solutions in InfoSewer and H2OMAP Sewer
The three types of solutions in InfoSewer and H2OMAP Sewer: Steady State, Design and Extended Period Simulations had other new features in InfoSewer and H2OMAP Sewer which include
· Advanced Forcemain Network Support (Figure 3)
· Plan Profile Plotting of the Input Network
· Mass Balance Table for EPS Simulations (Figure 3)
· Advanced Node and Link labeling for HGL Plots
· A complete list of node, link graphics for all Output Attribute Browser Variables
· Better memory allocation for long simulation and enhanced memory allocation for plot with many data points
· Improved Memory Management for Water Quality, Pumping and Unit Hydrograph Simulations
· Expanded Output Manager Tabular Reports for EPS Simulations
· Expanded Warning and Error messages in the text report file
· Enhanced water quality routing through force mains, pumps and wet wells (Figure 2)
· Enhanced export to H2OMAP SWMM
· Enhanced simulation of small hyetograph time steps for hydrographs
· Expanded output for the Design Feature of H2OMAP Sewer
· Improvements to the DB Editor for Import of GIS and OBDC data
· The ability to run longer simulations with shorter report time steps
· Enhancements to the pump allocation routine for Steady State and EPS runs
· Improvements to the ranges of the solution parameters for the Muskingum-Cunge modified solution
· Output Graphics can now be shown down to a 1 second report step.
Figure 2. Example InfoSewer Network with Multiple Upstream and Downstream Force Main Links.
Figure 3. The new ForceMain Solution allows InfoSewer and H2OMAP Sewer to simulate Force Main Splitting and Joining
Figure 4. Mass Balance Check in InfoSewer and H2OMAP Sewer now shows the user the total inflow, storage and total outflow during the EPS Simulation.
Subject: Pump Volume per Pump Event in SWMM 5
You can calculate the volume per startup event by using the Pump Summary Table in SWMM 5 and copying a few columns to Excel.
1. Go to the Pump Summary
2. Copy Pump Name, Total Volume and Pump Startups to Excel
3. Divide to get Pump Volume per Event
You will now have the average volume per event.
|
Pump |
Total |
Total Volume |
Pump |
|
Name |
Volume (ML) |
L Per Event |
Startups |
|
PUMP-11 |
0.006082 |
202.73 |
30 |
|
PUMP-13 |
0.005539 |
184.63 |
30 |
|
PUMP-15 |
0.006241 |
208.03 |
30 |
|
PUMP-17 |
0.0064 |
213.33 |
30 |
|
PUMP-19 |
0.005405 |
180.17 |
30 |
|
PUMP-21 |
0.006199 |
206.63 |
30 |
